AGNATHIA

• Absence of Maxilla/Mandible
• Maxillary process in maxilla
• More commonly missing ramus in Mandible

MICROGNATHIA

• Small jaw is commonly referred to as Micrognathia
• 2 Classification

1. True micrognathia

2.Apparent micrognathia

TRUE MICROGNATHIA

1. Congenital type
2. Acquired type

CONGENITAL

• It is associated with congenital heart disease & Pierre Robin syndrome
• Maxillary micrognathia due to deficiency in premaxillary area
• Retracted middle third of face

ACQUIRED TYPE

• It is postnatal
• Due to disturbance in TMJ region
• Ankylosis due to trauma or infection of mastoid

CLINICAL FEATURES

• Severe retrusion of chin
• Steep mandibular angle
• Deficient chin button

PIERRE ROBIN SYNDROME

• Cleft palate
• Micrognathia
• Glossoptosis
• Congenital heart defects
• Ocular anomalies
• Skeletal defects

MACROGNATHIA

• Abnormally large jaws
• Pituitary gigantism -both jaws large
• Maxillary enlargement-Paget’s disease, Leontiasis ossea, Cherubism
• Mandibular enlargement- Acromegaly

TREATMENT

• Surgical correction of the defect

MDS QUESTIONS

1.Abnormally large jaws is seen in ?

A.Pierre Robin syndrome

B.Macrognathia

C.Agnathia

D.All of the above

2.Congenital heart defects are more commonly seen in ?

A.Agnathia

B.Macrognathia

C.TMJ disorder

D.Pierre Robin syndrome

3.All are features of Micrognathia except ?

A.Severe retrusion of chin

B.Steep mandibular angle

C.Deficient chin button

D.Absence of Maxilla/Mandible

1.B 2.D 3.D